Bp Csr free essay sample

Vital Corporate Social Responsibilities and Law Contents BP Company Info3 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Event4 Summary of the Deepwater Horizon Event5 Stock cost when Deepwater Horizon7 Impact on Stakeholders8 BP’s Oil Spills and Corporate Social Responsibility9 Inadequate exposure on the oil slick event11 Recommendations for BP to get notoriety back13 Conclusion14 BP Company Info BP is a worldwide oil and gas organization headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the third-biggest vitality organization and fourth-biggest organization on the planet estimated as far as their incomes and stock costs. It is dynamic in each zone of the oil and gas industry, including investigation and creation, refining, dissemination and showcasing, petrochemicals, power age and exchanging. It additionally has major sustainable power source exercises, remembering for biofuels, hydrogen, sun based and wind power. BP has tasks in more than 80 nations and produces around 3. 8 million barrels of oil for every day and has 22,400 assistance stations around the world. Its biggest division is BP America, which is the greatest maker of oil and gas in the United States and is headquartered in Houston, Texas. As at 31 December 2010 it had complete demonstrated business stores of 18. 7 billion barrels of oil. [1] The name BP gets from the initials of one of the companys previous lawful names, British Petroleum. [2] BPs track record of corporate social obligation has been blended. The organization has been engaged with various major ecological and wellbeing episodes and got analysis for its political impact. In any case, in 1997, it turned into the primary significant oil organization to openly recognize the need to make strides against environmental change, and in that year built up an all inclusive objective to diminish its outflows of ozone harming substances. BP as of now puts over $1 billion every year in the evelopment of sustainable power sources, and has resolved to burn through $8 billion on inexhaustible in the 2005 to 2015 period. Deepwater H orizon Oil Spill Event The Deepwater Horizon oil slick (likewise alluded to as the BP oil slick, the Gulf of Mexico oil slick, the BP oil disaster)[1] is an oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico which streamed for a quarter of a year in 2010. It is the biggest inadvertent marine oil slick throughout the entire existence of the oil business. [2] The spill come out from an ocean bottom oil gusher that came about because of the April 20, 2010, blast of Deepwater Horizon, which bored on the BP-worked Macondo Prospect. The blast murdered 11 men taking a shot at the stage and harmed 17 others. [3] On July 15, 2010, the hole was halted by topping the spouting wellhead, after it had discharged around 4. 9 million barrels of raw petroleum. [3] An expected 53,000 barrels for every day got away from the well not long before it was topped. It is accepted that the day by day stream rate reduced after some time, beginning at around 62,000 barrels for every day and diminishing as the store of hydrocarbons taking care of the gusher was bit by bit exhausted. [1] On September 19, 2010, the alleviation well procedure was effectively finished, and the national government pronounced the all around fixed. 3] The spill made broad harm marine and untamed life living spaces and to the Gulfs fishing and the travel industry ventures. [4] In late November 2010, 4,200 square miles of the Gulf were re-shut to shrimp-fishing after tar balls were found in shrimpers nets. The measure of Louisiana shoreline influenced by oil d eveloped from 287 km in July to 320 km in late November 2010. In January 2011, an oil slick chief announced that tar balls keep on cleaning up, oil sheen trails are found in the wake of fishing pontoons, wetlands swamp grass stays fouled and biting the dust, and that unrefined petroleum lies seaward in profound water and in fine sediments and sands coastal. 18] An examination group discovered oil on the base of the ocean bottom in late February 2011 that didn't appear to be debasing. Skimmer boats, gliding control blasts, secured boundaries, sand-filled blockades along shorelines, and dispersants were utilized trying to ensure many miles of sea shores, wetlands, and estuaries from the spreading oil. Researchers have likewise detailed huge submerged tufts of broken down oil not obvious at the surface just as a 8 km? execute zone encompassing the blown well. [1] The U. S. Government hosts named BP as the dependable gathering, and authorities have focused on considering the organization responsible for all cleanup costs and other harm. [2] After its own inward test, BP conceded that it committed errors which prompted the Gulf of Mexico oil slick. Rundown of the Deepwater Horizon Event February 15, 2010 †Deepwater Horizon boring apparatus, possessed by Transocean, starts boring on the Macondo Prospect. [6] The arranged very much was to be penetrated to 18,000 feet (5,500 m) beneath ocean level, and was to be stopped and suspended for ensuing consummation as a subsea maker. April 6, 2010†The Department of the Interior excluded BPs Gulf of Mexico boring activity from a nitty gritty ecological effect concentrate subsequent to reasoning that a gigantic oil slick was far-fetched. Walk 17, 2010 †BP Chief Tony Hayward sells 33% of his BP stock (223,288 offers). [6] Closing BP cost on March 17 on the New York Stock Exchange is 58. 15. April 17, 2010 †Deepwater Horizon finishes its boring and the well is being set up to be solidified with the goal that another apparatus will recover the oil. The victory preventer is tried and seen as useful. [8] Gagliano now reports that utilizing just 6 centralizers would almost certainly create diverting and a disappointment of the concrete employment. April 20, 2010 7 am †BP drops a suggested concrete bond log test. Directing the test would have taken 9â€12 hours and $128,000. By dropping the concrete test BP paid just $10,000. Group leaves on 11:15 am flight. BP authorities accumulate on the stage to commend seven years without a physical issue on the apparatus. The arranged moving of the Deepwater Horizon to another area was 43 days past due and the deferral had cost BP $21 million. :45 p. m. CDT †Gas, oil and cement from the Deepwater Horizon detonate up the wellbore onto the deck and afterward bursts into flames. The blast slaughters 11 stage laborers and harms 17 others; another 98 individuals make due without genuine physical injury. April 22 10:21 am †Rig sinks. April 27, 2010 †Slick develops to 160 km across and 32 km from Louisiana coast. June 6, 2010 †BP forsakes plans to close three residual vents on the regulation top taking note of that with one vent it is catching as much oil as possible handle. July 24, 2010 BP says an inside examination has freed itself from net carelessness in the spill and will distribute the discoveries in the following month. August 4, 2010 †BP reports that the all around accomplished â€Å"static condition† not long after 12 PM in the wake of boring mud is said to now fill the well. September 29, 2010 †Andy Inglis, who headed deepwater penetrating tasks in the Gulf of Mexico at the hour of the spill, ventures down as leader of the upstream business. October 1, 2010 †Thad W. Allen, the resigned Coast Guard chief of naval operations driving the government reaction to the BP oil slick, ventured down. December 15, 2010 According to a component Associated Press story on the landing page of Time Magazine, the U. S. government is suing BP Exploration and Production, Inc. , and eight different enterprises, for boundless risk, with an end goal to have them pay for the huge costs associated with the cleanup and ecological recuperation from the spill, including harms to characteristic assets; it likewise looks for common punishments under the Clean Water Act. Stock cost when Deepwater Horizon First quarter 2011 (After) (Before) | First uarter 2011| Fourth quarter 2010| First quarter 2010| $ million| | Profit for the period(a)| 7,124 | 5,567| 6,079| Inventory holding (gains) misfortunes, net of tax| (1,643)| (953)| (481)| Replacement cost profit| 5,481| 4,614| 5,598| | - per normal offer (cents)| 29. 13| 24. 55| 29. 82| - per ADS (dollars)| 1. 75| 1. 47| 1. 79| BPs first-quarter substitution cost benefit was $5,481 million, contrasted and $5,598 million per year prior. The gathering pay e xplanation for the main quarter mirrors a pre charge of $0. 4 billion identified with the Gulf of Mexico oil slick. All charges identifying with the episode have been treated as non-working things. Offer costs for the five organizations associated most straightforwardly to the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe have faced the facts since the April 20 occasion, with investigators viewing the ticker intently April 30. A survey of shutting New York Stock Exchange costs for those organizations from April 19 to April 30 shows Macondo field administrator BP off 12%, Macondo field accomplice Anadarko Petroleum down 15. 2%, rig administrator Transocean down 18%, victory preventer provider Cameron International off 11. 9% and well cementer Halliburton down 2. 9%. In spite of the fact that Halliburton had picked up from the day preceding the episode through April 28, the companys shares took a precarious 5% drop on April 29 with news about the jobs of the organizations increasing more extensive consideration. Effect on Stakeholders Jack Gerard, President of The American Petroleum Institute (API), expressed that calamities are rare and that the Deepwater Horizon is a separated occurrence. [9] By touting the total wellbeing record of the business API has disproved any cases of lost industry wide validity. Programming interface has likewise expressed that the seaward boring industry is essential to work creation and financial development. 9] To help forestall a repeat of the Deepwater Horizon spill, API is setting up its own seaward security establishment that will be independent from APIs campaigning association. During congressional declaration, key API partners, for example, Chevron’s CEO John Watson, made an open admission to the indus try’s validity hole expressing â€Å"For our industry, this is a lowering encounter. The American individuals expect that the vitality we need will be delivered securely and r

William Shakespeare :: English Literature

William Shakespeare The Globe William Shakespeare was one of the most well known play journalists of all time. He was conceived in Stratford-upon-Avon in England more than four hundred years prior. At the youthful age of eighteen Shakespeare wedd a lady by the name of Anne Hathaway whom was eight years more seasoned than him. Together they had a girl called Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith. Shakespeare chose to begin heading out and to go to London. Fortunately for Shakespeare not long before he went to London, theaters had been opened for voyaging entertainers for they weren’t regarded and a man by the name of James Burbage needed to change that. He did this so that entertainers could acquire pride. This prompted the primary open playhouse being worked in England. This playhouse was an extraordinary achievement and was extremely well known so bit by bit increasingly more were manufactured. In a playhouse there were three levels of exhibitions which looked down to the yard where a large portion of the crowd stood. For it was just a penny to remain in the yard while in the exhibition seats it was two pence. To sit on pads in the gentlemen’s rooms it was three pence and for six pence the wealthy would sit in the Lords room. The stage came out into the yard and was available to the sky. Over the rear of the stage ran an upper stage and underneath the upper stage was what was known as the tiring house. The tiring house was hidden from the crowd by a drapery which would be moved back to uncover an internal stage. There weren’t any huge blinds to cover the entire stage so all scenes on the fundamental stage started with a passageway and finished with an exit so in disasters the dead should be diverted. The way that there was no landscape implied that there were no restrictions to the quantity of scenes as at the point when a scene reached a conclusion then the characters would essentially leave the scene. The crowds cherished Shakespeare’s plays. Many individuals would press into the auditorium with their food and drink to watch. Unfortunately a destructive plague interfered with the theaters achievement and implied that for two a long time all playhouses were shut. During this time Shakespeare composed a few plays and two long sonnets. In 1597 the performance center had to close following twenty one years for it was on leased land and the concurrence with the landowner had finished. The landowner needed to remain quiet about the playhouse and to reuse its important oak timber yet that wasn’t the arrangement of the two siblings who

Muke analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Muke investigation - Essay Example Both of them in this way head west with no cash and edgy to make a decent living. Out of uneasiness on the most proficient method to endure, James draws in himself with drugs. The book proceeds to clarify the intricate details in the medication world and the impacts of ravenousness on the principle character, James. James indicated a lot of covetousness among all the characters in the novel. He obviously needed a ton of things which lead him into settling on awful choices. Above all else, he included himself with drugs when things went south for him and Kate. He picked an inappropriate way of medication managing since he couldn't help suspecting that it could be of much worth than some other activity out there that was profited to him. He was unable to think about imperiling himself. Moreover, James demonstrated his voracity by they way he provided the pot to his clients (D’Souza 18). As much as what he did was supportive of his coming infant, he despite everything did it with extravagance and constantly ensured he could get all that could possibly be needed. Another proof of voracity is uncovered to us when James and Mason fronted Russell around two pounds when they sold him the medications. Russell didn't let out the slightest peep about it most likely because of his somewhat lengthy timespan fellowship to them (D’Souza 97). Likewise, James constantly consented to assist voracious individuals for instance, Darren, whose business fallen in Thailand. Darren Rudd was in a significant chaos, that he even went to prison and this made him free a great deal of his advantages like his vehicles, his ranch and considerably more. Plainly eagerness drove James into settling on awful choices that completely transformed him. He was presently in an unlawful world that didn’t cause anybody near him to feel safe, particularly Kate and their

The Various Types Of Research Methodology Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

3.1 Introduction to research methodology: Types and forms of research philosophy. The different methods for designing the research that we can use for the purpose of evaluating any topic. Illustration of methods used for data collection in terms of their content and other features. The quality of the research is an important element, thus it will be mentioned, including a discussion regarding analysis instruments, finishing with an indication of the researchs limitations. 3.2 Research philosophy: Research philosophy is considered to be an important element for many researchers; this philosophy relies on the methods that can be applied to create knowledge by the researcher. However, there are two types of the methods to perceive the philosophy used in research: ontology and epistemology. Each method has a different effect on the research function (Johnson and Duberley, 2000) 3.2.1 Epistemology: Epistemology is the part of the philosophy that agrees with questions, which can be useful to make the knowledge acceptable in a particular field. The main interest in epistemology is the possibility of following a specific set of procedures and rules of natural science when interested in dealing with the social world. There are three positions of epistemology and natural sciences that can be present to deal with the knowledge: positivism, interpretivism and realism (Johnson and Duberley, 2000). 3.2.1.1 Positivism: According to Creswell (2003), positivism is one of the most important parts to researchers and it includes the introduction of the most valuable theories in relation to the research subject. Furthermore, the researcher will determine the methods that will be used to collect the data, which will be useful to enforce the theories. 3.2.1.2 Interpretivism: According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007, interpretivism is considered a useful method to help the researcher understand the perceptions and behaviour of human beings. 3.2.1.3 Realism: Realism is considered an epistemological stance related to scientific investigation; it looks like positivism in its assumption that the scientific way is best for improving knowledge to use the social sciences of the similar type of data gathering and interpretation (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). The importance of realism is that the presence of objects in reality is independent from human thinking. The two main types of the realism are: Critical realism. Experimental realism. 3.2.2 Ontology: Ontology is a part of philosophy that deals with all topics regarding the domain of the nature of social structures. The important interest is to decide if social constructs are objective, or result from perspectives and works of people (constructivism) (Gill and John, 2010) 3.3 Research approaches Two research methods are available and both were used to understand this research, these are the deductive and inductive methods (Bryman and Bell, 2003). The deductive method is used to illustrate how the research is in relation to theory; this is done by the researcher who deduces assumptions on the basis of what he knows in a specific domain, and the theoretical interest in relation to that domain, then these assumptions go through empirical investigation. The assumptions consist of perceptions that need interpretation based on research structures. To build social structures, social scientists have to decide the way to gather data in relation to the perspectives that formulate the assumptions. The other way of understanding is inductive, which states that the theory is the output of the research. This means the presence of observations regarding specific phenomena; from observations the researcher is able to make his conclusions. The deduction method implements some of t he induction components and the researcher should collect the necessary data to conduct the theoretical reaction; it is likely that he will need more data to generate the case in which the theory may or may not hold (Bryman and Bell, 2003). In order to introduce research that includes useful information, it must answer questions and meet objectives, and there must be an explanation about how these objectives were established or descriptive answers; the researcher may have more than one objective at the same time (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). 3.4 Research strategies: Qualitative and quantitative strategies are considered to be the main two categories of strategy, which could use in the business research. Researchers attempt to use these strategies to decide the relevant technique to use in the procedure of data collection and analysis. A quantitative strategy is one that uses numerical data, like those obtained from the questionnaire technique, or from graphs, while the qualitative strategy uses non-numerical data, like those from interviews, pictures and video clips. According to the objectives of this study, the researcher is going to use the qualitative strategy (Thomas, 2004). 3.5 Different research designs: Research design illustrates the structure for data collection and analysis (Bryman and Bell, 2003); there are five types of research design considered to be useful in many types of research, as follows: 3.5.1 Cross-sectional design: Cross-sectional design is often regarded as a social survey. It collects data on several cases, because the researcher may face variation in many variables, and he needs a greater number of participants in his sample (Burns and Robert B, 2008) 3.5.2 Comparative design: Comparative design is applied to two or more cases in order to accomplish better understanding, because of the comparative nature of the research. This type of strategy can use the collection of qualitative or quantitative data (Bryman and Bell, 2003). 3.5.3 Experimental design: This type of strategy is commonly used when the research aims to evaluate social subjects. This strategy depends on both dependent and independent variables (Burns and Robert B, 2008). However, to apply this strategy, there are facts that should be taken in consideration, such as: The relevant theory should be used. Explaining any sample related with the theory. Explaining any modifications or changes in evaluating the plan and the variables. 3.5.4 Case study design: This type of strategy is related to the place, location, country, organization, people or firm the research is concerned with. It is characterized by extensive investigations regarding the nature of the studys question. However, the result of case studies is often more about understanding the research environment (Bougie, 2010). This strategy is the most relevant strategy to this type of research, because this type of research will answer the designed questions, and it will meet the researchs objectives. A case study will be applied to the banks; it will start by explaining the Islamic banks philosophy and showing the main differentiation between the conventional and the Islamic banking systems. In addition, there will be a comparison between the Islamic and the commercial banks by determine the financial performance in conventional and the Islamic banking systems over the period of study using statistical and financial methods. Furthermore, this research will conduct a compa rison between the two systems of banks during the recent global financial crisis and between the methods they used to encounter or to avoid the impact of the crisis. This comparison will be about reducing the risk that in relation with the financial crisis to determine and apply the most effective system during the period of the study. 3.5.5 Longitudinal design: Researchers apply this type of research design to monitor any possible change in the researchs subject over time; it is used to lengthen the survey research period (Bougie, 2010). 3.6 Researchs quality: The quality of the research comprises four basic features: Validity. Reliability. Generalization. Transparency. 3.6.1 Researchs validity: According to Hair (2007), a researchs validity depends on the following factors: Instrumentation. History. Testing. Ambiguity relating to the direction of the study. Maturation. Morality. According to this type of research, the first four factors are not related to this study, and maturation has little impact on the research; accordingly, this study uses secondary data that comes from different resources. 3.6.2 Researchs reliability: The research reliability indicates an assurance of the results through testing the results that emerge from the analysis (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). Therefore, there are four threats that might occur to the reliability, they are: Bias from the participants. Participants bias. Observer bias. Observer error. Accordingly, these research only observer error and observer biases are relevant to the study because there are no interviews in this research. 3.6.3 Generalization: In quantitative research, the researcher understands that his results may only be usable for that particular research environment and scope. They could be used as a basis and could even be applied in different research. Accordingly, the researcher works to generate a sample that will represent a greater population in order to generalize the results (Quinton and Smallbone, 2006). 3.6.4 Transparent: The results of the data analysis and the conclusion of this research will illustrate to the reader how the work has been conducted, as well as the relation between data analysis and the conclusion. 3.9 Data collection methods: The researcher is going to use secondary data In order to answer the research questions and cover the main objectives of this research. The secondary data may include articles, books, annual reports, newspapers, published journal and raw data. However, the research aims to analyse and evaluate the financial performance and the financial stability of the top ten commercial and the top ten Islamic banks. Consequently, the researcher will use the financial information of these banks, and this financial information was issued in the form of financial statements in the annual reports of the banks; accordingly the researcher will use the secondary data from the websites of these banks to obtain the financial statements. The other reasons for selecting only secondary data are that the researcher does not have access to any bank, the sample banks are in different countries in the world and there is limited time to conduct the research. 3.9.1 Secondary data: It is possible to collect both qualitative and quantitative secondary data, which can be employed in an explanatory way in descriptive research. There are three subgroups of secondary data: documentary, survey-based and data obtained from many sources (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). 3.9.2The secondary data for this research: The focus on secondary data collection for the Islamic and commercial banks was the annual reports of the banks, recent articles and journals through the following. The annual reports were issued by the banks, and the financial reports from websites such as the Financial Times, BBS and Congressional. The literature review includes the journals that are related to the Islamic and commercial banks from Science Direct, EBSCO, Journal of Banking and Finance, Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, Journal of Finance, Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, and Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. The literature review includes the most recent published journals and articles that are related to the financial crisis from Science Direct, EBSCO, Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, Journal of Financial Quantitative Analysis, International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, and International Journal of Political Economy. 3.10 The method applied in the analysis: The researcher will evaluate the financial performance and stability of the top ten commercial banks and the top ten Islamic banks by using the financial ratio analysis, horizontal analysis and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). There are several financial ratios that could be used to determine the financial performance and stability of the banks in order to obtain obvious views about the financial position of these banks. However, since this study is dealing with the analysis of twenty banks in eleven different countries, and as a result of the difference in the countries, also different laws and financial legislation, there appears significant differences in the nature of the financial statements issued; this led the researcher to restrict the selection of the financial ratios to those that are compatible with the financial statements of these twenty banks. Therefore, the researcher will select the financial ratios that they share with each other by using the main items in the balance sheets and income statements; in the other words, the commercial and Islamic banks share the following in their financial statements: Total assets. Total liabilities. Total equity. Total revenue. Net profits. Earnings per share. Accordingly, the researcher adopted these fundamental items in the financial statements in order to determine the best financial ratios to achieve the objectives of this study; therefore the researcher will use the following six financial ratios: Net profit margin (NPM). Return on equity (ROE). Return on assets (ROA). Assets turnover ratio. Gearing ratio. Earnings per share. 3.10.1 Financial ratios analysis The ratio is a simple expression of a number relative to another number; in order for the ratios to be considered as meaningful indexes, there should be a clear and specific relation between the two numbers used in calculating each ratio. More often there is a need calls to search and test the nature of the information, or the basic numbers used in calculating the ratio, in order to explain and understand the full meaning of this relation; the ratio by itself may not mean much unless it is compared with other ratios in a different year or with the industry standard ratios (Walsh, 2003). Generally, it is possible to divide the financial ratios into four basic categories as follows. Profitability ratios: A set of financial ratios that connect profits with sales to express the extent of sales ability to generate profits and the ability of banks to use their equity and assets to generate profits Net profit margin (NPM): This ratio is used to determine the extent to which the firm has the ability to encounter the difficult situations that may emerge either from declines in the products market price or because of a rise in the products manufacturing expenditures. In addition, this ratio can be used to measure whether there is a decline in the sales volume and to measure the net profit volume attained after the interests and taxes per dollar from the revenues. Finally, a higher ratio indicates that the firm is more profitable and has a better control over its costs (variable, operating and financial costs) compared with the other competing firms (Melville, 2008). Return on equity: (ROE): Also called return on net worth, this is used to measure the volume of the achieved profit as a percentage of the common shareholders equity. Thus it is the average of the net profit that the investors achieve from investing their money, as a return on their risk. This ratio indicates the managements competence in operating the shareholders funds (Melville, 2008). Return on assets (ROA): This ratio is considered an index to measure the extent of the firms profitability relative to its total assets. In addition, it measures the management efficiency in using the assets to generate the profits (called return on investment) and it greatly depends on the type of industry and the volume of assets used in production. Accordingly, this ratio is used to compare between firms within the same sector to know the volume of profits resulting from investing in assets (Melville, 2008). 2) Efficiency or activity ratios: These ratios are used to evaluate the extent to which the firms management is successful in managing the assets in order to generate revenue, which is considered the basic source of profit. Assets turnover ratio This ratio is considered one of the most important ratios to measure efficiency. This ratio measures the extent of the ability of the banks to use their assets to generate revenue, and it shows the range of generating revenue from each dollar of assets (Mckenzie, 2010). 3) Capital structure ratios: These ratios are called solvency ratios and are considered instruments to evaluate the extent of the firms ability to pay its long-term obligations; they also measure the extent of the success of the financing policy used in the firm and, in balancing between external and internal financing resources, the reflections of its policy on financial leverage risk. The most important ratios that can be used in this field are the following: Gearing ratio The assets of the bank can be funded in two ways: Liabilities (borrowing) Equity (retained earnings + capital share) When the banks require the financing of new assets, they make financing decisions based on the costs and risks; borrowing is considered less costly than equity but equity is considered less risky than financing through borrowing. Accordingly, the importance of studying the gearing ratio appears to determine the financial risks that the banks encounter (Mckenzie, 2010). This ratio was measured based on the ratio of the total liabilities to the total assets. 4) Market ratios: These ratios help the shares analysts in performing their tasks when evaluating the firms performance; they also help the present and prospective investors dealing with and working in the financial markets to know the attitudes of the stock market prices. The most important ratios used in this field are the following: Earnings per share (EPS) According to the international accounting principle 33, the net profit or net loss for the period for the common stock holders is the net profit or loss after deducting the sum of the profits for the holders of the preferred shares, and all the recognized items of the revenues and expenditures during the period, including the taxes and expenditures, the unusual items and minority equity, mentioned in determining the net profit or loss for the period. Accordingly, this ratio illustrates the banks ability to generate net profits to the shareholders per share; furthermore, many of the investors depend on it in their investment decisions because it is an important index regarding the banks financial performance (Mckenzie, 2010). 3.10.2 Horizontal analysis: Horizontal analysis is an essential method used to determine the fluctuations in the total assets, equity, liabilities, net profit and revenue of the banks over a period of time, and to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the banks (Elliott, 2009). 3.10.3 SPSS Statistical Software Program : SPSS is a computer program for statistical analysis introduced in 1968 by Norman H. Nie; it is used to evaluate variables in relation to government, bank, marketing organizations and Survey Companys researches, to determine whether the variables are input or output. SPSS can be used for the purpose of analysing data management and documentation and for other types of analysis, such as descriptive analysis, prediction numerical outcomes, predictions for identifying groups and vicariate statistics. In this paper, the researcher will estimate the mean and standard deviation for financial ratios during the period of study (2005-2009) to outline the results of the financial ratios. In addition, the researcher will calculate the mean and the average of the standard deviations in order to give a clear understanding regarding the financial position of the Islamic and commercial financial systems (Burns and Robert B, 2008). 3.11 Limitations of the research 1. The differences in the currencies between the banks and the countries. 2. The differences in the financial standards adopted in the issuance of financial statements. 3. The differences in the financial transactions of both systems, which leads to differences in their financial policies. 4. There are huge differences in the total assets, liabilities and equity for both systems, which impact on the comparative analysis of both systems. Chapter Five THE CONCLUSION This study aims to evaluate the financial performance and stability of the top ten Islamic and the top ten commercial banks during the period 2005-2009. In addition, it attempts to determine the impact of the global financial crisis on the both systems in order to explore which is the most efficient system. The study began with an explanation of the importance of the banking system, the services offered by Islamic and commercial banks and the difference between Islamic and commercial banks in order to meet the first objective. In the literature review, the researcher discussed Islamic banking transactions, the principles of the Islamic banking system and some previous studies which have examined the financial performance, efficiency and stability of both systems in different regions. In the analysis chapter, the researcher employed six financial ratios and the horizontal analysis to determine the financial performance and stability of both systems in order to meet the seco nd and third objectives, and to determine the impact of the current financial crisis on the two systems and determine which system was more efficient in facing the financial crisis in order to meet the fourth objective. Then the researcher used the statistical program known as SPSS to summarize the financial results of the financial ratios. The results of the financial ratios and statistical program (SPSS) indicate that the financial performance of the top ten Islamic banks was better than the financial performance of the top ten commercial banks during the period of study. The financial crisis affected both systems. However, the financial performance of the commercial banks declined strongly compared to the financial performance of the Islamic banks. However, in 2009, the effect of the financial crisis continued on the Islamic banks, while the commercial banking system improved its financial performance. However, the performance of Islamic banks remained better than the comme rcial banks. Accordingly, we reject both null hypotheses and accept both alternative hypotheses. 5.2 Recommendations 1. To create a market for short-term borrowing between Islamic banks, which would assist in managing their liquidity, just like a market where commercial banks borrow from each other (such as the London Interbank market, which deals with LIBOR interest from one day to five years). 2. To apply hedging policies in investment portfolios of Islamic banks based on the geographical distribution of the financial risk, and interest from the distribution of risks appears when a collapse of financial markets has not been affected by other financial markets in different countries. 3. To develop asset, liability and liquidity management in both Islamic and commercial banks, which would contribute to reducing the impact of the financial crisis on both systems. 4. To increase Islamic bank branches in non-Muslim countries, such as America and European countries, due to the existence of a large number of Muslim communities, in addition to the interest that appears from the distribution of income in different geographic areas. In contrast, there will appear a fluctuation in the exchange rates of foreign currency risks. 5. To improve the financial services for their customers in both systems in order to increase customer loyalty to these banks, which would contribute to reducing the phenomenon of a sudden rush of withdrawals by the depositors. 6. To improve the quality of the financial investments in both systems, particularly in the commercial banks, for instance, investments in the financial derivatives, such as CDS (credit default swap), which was one of the most important reasons for the current financial crisis. 7. To apply a mergers and acquisitions policy (MA) between the banks in order to increase the strength of banks in the face of potential risks. 8. Commercial banks should carefully study the Islamic banking system in order to take positive things from it, and Islamic banks should carefully study the commercial banking system to take positive t hings. 9. To establish an international Islamic bank and international financial market and support existing regional Islamic markets.

Hurricanes And Its Impact On The United States - 1107 Words

Hurricanes have affected the Caribbean islands for many centuries but particularly in the 19th century. During the 1840’s Cuba was affected by three hurricanes that all happened within four years of each other in 1842, 1844, and 1846. Many scholars have looked over these hurricanes in Cuba as not really having much of an in depth affect on Cuba’s life and history but just as being hurricanes. But Louis A. Pà ©rez Jr. a professor and scholar, labeled these 19th century hurricanes as a â€Å"flash point† to look at Cuba’s history from multiple angles. saw the 1842, 1844, and 1846 hurricanes as being more than just storms by using multiple resources like the Archivo Nacional de Cubaa, Havana, encyclopedias, such as the Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones by David Longshore (New York, 1998), and descriptive chronologies by David L. Niddrie and David M. Ludlow to name a few. By reviewing and using all of these resources, Louis A. Pà ©rez conclu ded that the 1840’s hurricanes had an effect on agriculture, social relations, and the overall national identity of Cuba. The Cuban coffee, tobacco, and sugar productions transformed in the 19th century due to the hurricanes of 1842, 1844, and 1846. The productions of coffee, tobacco, and sugar prior to the 1840’s hurricanes were profitable businesses. Many Cuban farmers saw the productions as a great way to grow and to invest in the future. But once the 1844 hurricane hit Cuba, many farmers were left completely devastated as theShow MoreRelatedHurricane Katrina And Its Impact On The United States1592 Words   |  7 PagesHurricane Katrina is considered as one of the worst hurricanes ever recorded in the history of the United States. It was the sixth strongest Atlantic hurricane ever and the third strongest on record that had reached the United States (Chambers, 2007). 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In the hurricane response plan, the main obligationRead MoreThe Impact Of Hurricane Katrina On The United States1414 Words   |  6 Pages 2005; a very strong storm known as Hurricane Katrina was heading northwest towards the mainland of the United States. Such a storm could lead to catastrophe and there will be no happy ending for anyone. When any type of natural disaster strikes, how does America respond and help those who are in need. The idea of Hurricane Katrina interested me because my favorite college football team are known as the â€Å"Miami Hurricanes†. It felt right to research hurricanes and how it affects many people near watersRead MoreThe Toll Left by Hurracens Katrina and Hugo836 Words   |  3 Pagesthe past few centuries, the natural disaster of hurricanes has had a huge impact on the land around us. It could cost millions, or even billions of dollars in repairing the damages done by hurricanes. 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Analysis Of Oedipus The King And Antigone - 1170 Words

Meghana Aghi October 6th, 2014 AP English Mr. Shaffner Matriarchal Madness Women have been silenced for generations upon generations, their voices of reason stripped away and locked inside the caves of submissiveness. The key is thrown out into a vast ocean of misery and peril, and the hope to break free slowly diminishes. Yet, there are always those women who will never accept their expected place in society. These women try to break down those barriers in attempts to leave an imprint on this ever- changing world. In civilizations such as Athens, women were looked down upon and this battle to leave behind tradition proved to be almost if not fatal. Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone exemplify three distinct female Athenian characters who approach this battle with different fronts. Through analysis of Ismene, Antigone and Jocasta’s distinct characters, the reader better understands how Sophocles uses a feminine voice to break away from the tradition discerned in Athenian life to advocate for the rise of a matriarchal influence. Ismene’s emotional facade overpowers her drive for defeating corruption, which prompts her to plead for mercy rather than demand justice. Sophocles uses Ismene’s character to serve as the expected Athenian woman, one without a voice in society. Yet, Sophocles tries to break away from this mold, illustrating the effect of a silenced woman through Ismene’s personality. Essentially, Ismene’s inferiority as a woman paralyzes her, and therefore,Show MoreRelatedEssay on The Arrogance and Hubris of Oedipus and Creon724 Words   |  3 Pages In ‘Antigone†, Ismene says, â€Å"To them that walk in power; to exceed is madness, and not wisdom†. Her statement makes it clear, those who â€Å"walk in power†, allow it to corrupt them. Throughout the history of humanity there has been a correlation between those who have excessive power and corruption. Webster’s Dictionary defines corruption as, â€Å"impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle†. In the story of Antigone the tragic hero Creon, shows all of the common characteristics of corruptionRead MoreAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays1392 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Fate vs. Free Will in the Theban Plays When Teiresias asks in Antigone (line 1051), What prize outweighs the priceless worth of prudence? he strikes (as usual) to the heart of the matter in Sophocles Theban Plays. Sophocles dramatizes the struggle between fate and free will, in one sense, but in another sense the drama might be better understood as the struggle between the will of the goods (which it is prudent to follow, according to Teiresias) and mans will (which is oftenRead MoreJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Antigone is a tragic play written by Sophocles in about 441b.c. The play is a continuation of the curse put upon the household of Oedipus Rex. Sophocles actually wrote this play before he wrote Oedipus, but it follows Oedipus in chronological order. The story of Antigone begins after the departure of Oedipus, the king of Thebes, into self-exile. Oedipus’ two sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, were left to rule over Thebes. An argument over rightsRead MoreAn Interpretive Analysis On Conflicting Self Reassurance1337 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone: An Interpretive Analysis on Conflicting Self-Reassurance Antigone is a complex, yet debatable play, written by Sophocles somewhere around 442 BC. Chronologically, it is the third of the three Theban plays, but was the first to be written. In addition, Antigone was also one of the most famous tragedies ever to be written. The setting of the play is set in front of the Palace, Thebes, and Ancient Greece. Though most Greek playwrights were from Athens, their plays areRead MoreOedipus Trilogy Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesNovel Analysis of The Oedipus Trilogy Oedipus Rex, or Oedipus Tyrannus as it is in Latin, could be what we call today a Freudian work of literature. The Oedipus Trilogy was originally written by Sophocles and is meant to be told in a story-telling fashion. But this Grecian tragedy was revised and translated into English by Paul Roche and put into a novel form. The Oedipus Trilogy is a novel that deals with destiny and fate. The reader is shown a series of events plotted out from which OedipusRead MoreSophocles The King And Antigone Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles wrote about kings. Mythological, or at least long dead, the regal protagonists of fraction of Sophocles’ surviving work embody the political realities of the ancients’ time. By examining and analyzing the origins and nature of kingship in Sophocles, one can glean a sliver of insight into a civilization that has all but disappeared. Sophocles’s kings were great human leaders, reaching their position through impressive deeds or standing in the community. Although they wielded great powerRead MoreSexism In Oedipus The King1395 Words   |  6 Pagestragedy, Oedipus the King, is not sexist. The prominent play portrays both men and women justly. The events presented by Sophocles exemplifies a level of admiration and respect for women that was not ord inary in ancient Greece. This is predominantly achieved through the dialogue of Jocasta and Oedipus, illustrating a corresponding relationship. In addition, the behavior of Jocasta, analysis of other literature, as well as the bad fortune of the male characters reaffirm that the Oedipus the King is notRead MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesstructured analysis of the â€Å"tragic hero† of Greek drama. In his work, Poetics, he defines a tragic hero as â€Å"...The man who on the one hand is not pre-eminent in virtue and justice, and yet on the other hand does not fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but falls because of some mistake; one among the number of the highly renowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonistRead More The Dichotomy of Sight in Oedipus at Colonus Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dichotomy of Sight in Oedipus at Colonus   A simple process formed the backbone of most Greek philosophy.   The ancients thought that by combining two equally valid but opposite ideas, the thesis and the antithesis, a new, higher truth could be achieved.   That truth is called the synthesis.   This tactic of integrating two seemingly opposite halves into a greater whole was a tremendous advance in human logic.   This practice is illustrated throughout Oedipus at Colonus  in regard to Sophocles’Read MoreCreon As A Tragic Hero In SophoclesAntigone1509 Words   |  7 Pagesan error in judgement, experiences a reversal of fortune due to the error, has an excessive pride, and receives a fate much greater than what is deserved. In Sophocles’ Antigone, many would argue that Creon is the tragic hero of the play. However, he is not alone as the recipient of tragedy. A young woman by the name of Antigone also fits the characteristics for being considered a tragic heroine. A key element in the tragedy of any character is their error in judgement, what Aristotle referred to

Comment with Ideas free essay sample

I was nine years old when I went to Las Vegas for the first time. My parents took me to a Lance Burton Magic show where I was selected to go on stage and be part of a trick. After the show my dad said to me, â€Å"that was worth every penny.† From that day forth, I was infatuated with entertaining people. I bought magic sets, learned tricks, and practiced each one to perfection. I filmed it all into a show and made my magical debut by showing the film to my family. While my magical career didn’t go much farther than that, my aspirations in the field of entertainment did. After my magic phase I got into comedy. I would create jokes and watch stand-up routines all day. I tested my jokes on close family and friends. The feeling of making someone laugh brought me to an elated disposition. We will write a custom essay sample on Comment with Ideas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After comedy I was enrolled in a musical theatre group outside of school. We performed two plays that year, Peter Pan, and The Wizard of Oz; I played Captain Hook and the Tin Man, respectively. I loved performing in front of larger audiences; I grew to not only love making people laugh, but also mesmerizing people, bringing them into a world of entertainment and making them feel the awe and surge of emotion that I did. This newfound joy led me to harbor a new vision, one that embraced all my previous aspirations, film. By the time I was fifteen I was coming up with ideas and methodically thinking of plots and scenes that together, would evoke emotion. I researched so many films; IMDB.com is probably the most-visited site on my computer. Sometimes I would just sit and read movie trivia. Learning about film secrets and researching stories was how I entertained myself. In the back of my mind I always knew that these activities were just hobbies, but I felt that, eventually, I would be able to apply aspects of these hobbies into something more meaningful. Last summer, I did, I was a camp counselor and I looked after a group of seven year-old boys. I had an amazing time. At camp there was always someone to entertain, someone to make laugh. I finally understood how I could take my hobbies and employ them into the real world. Now, I ultimately seek to incorporate my hobbies in entertainment into the world of business; I see business as the epitome of social interaction and the main source of my entertainment. I have recently studied business to the same extent as I have entertainment. I have my sights steadfast on a career in the business field. Sure, trying to entertain people all the time is hard but I love entertainment and I love business, so why not do them both?